4th Grade History
Study Guide – Chapter 10
People
Crispus Attucks – a black patriot killed at the Boston Massacre
Ethan Allen – the man who with the help of the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga
George Rogers Clark – secured the Northwest Territory for America
General Cornwallis – leader of the British army who surrendered to George Washington at the end of the war
George III – King of England during the time of the American War for Independence
Nathan Hale – brave American spy who was killed by the British, he is famous for the words, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"
John Hancock – the president of the Continental Congress and the first to sign the Declaration of Independence
Patrick Henry – stirred colonists into fighting for freedom from England with these words, "Give me liberty or give me death"
John Paul Jones – Scottish man who helped start the American navy, he is famous for the words, "I have not yet begun to fight"
Paul Revere and William Dawes – rode through towns warning people with these words,
"The British are coming!"
- Paul Revere was also a famous silversmith
George Washington – supreme commander of the American troops, famous for these words, "We have…to resolve to conquer or die"
Hessians – German soldiers hired by George III to fight the Americans
Minutemen – men prepared to fight at a minute’s notice
British soldiers nicknames – "lobster-backs" and "redcoats"
Patriots – American colonists who wanted independence from England
Tories – American colonists who remained loyal to the king of England
Facts to know
Boston Tea Party – after British taxes had been removed except the tax on tea, fifty colonists dressed like Indians and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor to show the king their anger at his taxes
Boston Massacre – a fight between angry colonists and British soldiers where five colonists were killed
Declaration of Independence – a paper signed on July 4, 1776, and sent to the king of England to let him know the colonists wanted to be a free country, no longer under his control
Stamp Act – a law stating that all colonists must pay a tax by buying a seal or stamp to put on all newspapers, marriage certificates, and other documents
Geography
Bunker Hill – where Americans proved they would be hard to beat, they dug trenches for protection
Saratoga – place known as the turning point of the war, this battle showed that the Americans could win
Trenton – place the Hessians were defeated on Christmas
Valley Forge – place where the Continental Army spent a hard winter (1777 – 1778)
Yorktown – place where the British surrendered to the Americans
Bay – a part of a body of water that reaches into the land, usually with a wide opening
Channel – a deep, narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water
Delta – land deposited at the mouth of a river
Gulf – a part of an ocean that reaches into the land, generally with a narrower opening than a bay
Lake – an inland body of water that is usually fresh
Plain – flat or level area of land
River – natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or another river
Source – where a river begins
Valley – a lowland between hills or mountains
