4th Grade Science
Study Guide – Chapter 5: Matter
212° F – temperature at which water boils
Gravity – the force that draws things toward the center of the earth
32° F – freezing and melting point of water / ice
Hail – frozen raindrops that have been blown back into the cloud to form more frozen layers
Air mass – a large body of air that has the same temperature and humidity
Humidity – the amount of water vapor in the air
Atmosphere – layer of air surrounding the earth, extending 1,000 miles, its weight
creates air pressure
Matter – anything that takes up space and has weight
Condensation – the process of changing water vapor into liquid water
Molecules – the smallest piece of a substance that still has the qualities of that substance
Dew point – the temperature water condenses
Nimbus – a storm or rain cloud
Energy – the ability to do work
Nitrogen – the gas that makes up most of the air
Evaporation – the process by which liquid water becomes water vapor
Precipitation – any form of water that falls from clouds to earth
Fog – a cloud on the ground
Snow – frozen water vapor formed in clouds
Force – the push or pull on an object
Water
1. covers ¾ of the earth
2. made of hydrogen and oxyge
Surface tension – the tight fitting together of water molecules near the water’s surface;
because water has a high surface tension, objects will float in it
Three States of Matter – you will be given a list of things to identify as either solid,
liquid or gas
- solid
- molecules are packed close together
- molecules vibrate but do not move from place to place
- has a definite shape
- liquid
- molecules are spread out
- molecules vibrate rapidly and move around one another
- has no shape of its own, but will take on the shape of a container
- gas
- molecules are very spaced apart
- has the fastest moving molecules
- has no shape of its own and does not fill up a fixed amount of space
The energy in steam comes from heat.
Also study cloud formations, the water cycle, and bird identification sent home with the study guide.
